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What is CMYK Color Separation?

What does this method consist of? and, When is better use this method?

Separation of Color and Printing in CMYK is a method widely used by most silk screen printing workshops, to reproduce in a textile print, an art that is composed of a wide range of colors. However, ¿What does this method consist of?

When you want to print an illustration on a t-shirt and try to reproduce the widest possible range of colors, commonly is usual to resort to a separation of color and printing in CMYK, also called four color or color selection. In screen printing is the most used technique when it is required to print a photorealistic art or a design that has many colors.

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What does it consist of?

The art or design is broken down or split in 4 colors: Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black. In turn, each color is printed with its corresponding ink. The inks that are used are special for this printing technique. The combination of Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black inks, results in the approximation of the range of colors of the art in the stamping. When you want to print the art on dark-colored garments or medium-toned garments, 2 more colors will be added: a white ink that will serve as a base for the colors and an extra white at the end of the CMYK printing to highlight the clear and white details design.

Each workshop must ensure that when printing its positive CMYK inks are printed with the corresponding angles and a point size appropriate to the meshes that will be used for printing. For this type of printing, we recommend using fine meshes. And a fine point.

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 Manual Stamping

White Base and Second Base: Point 55, Angle 25 0 22.5, Elliptical Point. Mesh 200 to 230 American Size.
For CMYK colors, I recommend changing the print sequence that is commonly used. It is the one that has given us the best result:
Mesh 280 to 305 American measurement.

• 1 | Yellow Point 55 Angle 75 Point Elliptic
• 2 | Magenta Point 55 Angle 45 Point Elliptic
• 3 | Cyan Point 55 Angle 15 Elliptical Point
• 4 | Black Point 55 Angle 75 Point Elliptic

It is recommended the impression of colors, wet on wet or overworked. This means, only the white ink found as a base will be pre-printed after being printed, the subsequent colors will be printed one after the other and only pre-printed before the second white. Of course, each workshop can have its work system, some prefer to preset all colors. They can use the stamping method that suits them best.

Automatic Machines

The same recommendations as for the manual stamping, the only difference will be to use a finer point.
Point 65 | Mesh 355 Colors (American Measure) and Mesh 230 for Targets | Elliptic point.
Needless to say, all colors should be printed at the same dot size, so there are no printing problems.

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When CMYK should be used

• You have an illustration with a wide range of colors.
• You want to print several pieces of shirts.
• Shoestring budget
• When your art needs to be printed on white garments or light colors. This technique can also be used on dark colored or medium colored garments, but to achieve a good finish you must add a white base and a second white to enhance or reaffirm the clear details of the design.
• Workshop capacity limited. Some workshops or printers of Screen Printing may only have the ability to print 4 or 6 colors. Therefore they can only use a limited number of inks.

You should consider the following before choosing this method:

Not all tones or colors can be reproduced with this method. Example of them are metallic colors. Also the intensity of the colors are more opaque. A Red in CMYK will not be as intense as the red color of a direct ink. When printing on colored garments, due to the use of a base ink, the result may be a coarse and rough impression. Depending on how long the design is on the t-shirt, in warm climates, it can be a real challenge to use a thick print on the back or front, because plastic inks generate more heat in the stamped area.

Final consideration

If your art is photorealistic and there is no problem in only being printed in white clothes, you have a limited budget or the workshop can not print more than 4 or 6 colors, this method can satisfy your printing needs. However, if it is the opposite of the aforementioned, I recommend using Color Separation in Simulated or Indexed Process.

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